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Network Working Group W A Simpson
Internet Draft Daydreamer
expires in six months July 1993
PPP in Frame Relay
Status of this Memo
This document is the product of the Point-to-Point Protocol Working
Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Comments should
be submitted to the ietf-ppp@ucdavis.edu mailing list.
Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working
documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas,
and its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet Drafts.
Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
months. Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by
other documents at any time. It is not appropriate to use Internet
Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as a
``working draft'' or ``work in progress.''
Please check the 1id-abstracts.txt listing contained in the
internet-drafts Shadow Directories on nic.ddn.mil, nnsc.nsf.net,
nic.nordu.net, ftp.nisc.sri.com, or munnari.oz.au to learn the
current status of any Internet Draft.
Abstract
The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [1] provides a standard method for
transporting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links.
This document describes the use of Frame Relay for framing PPP
encapsulated datagrams.
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1. Introduction
Frame Relay [2] is a relative newcomer to the serial link community.
Like X.25, the protocol was designed to provide virtual circuits for
connections between stations attached to the same Frame Relay
network. The improvement over X.25 is that Q.922 is restricted to
delivery of packets, and dispenses with sequencing and flow control,
simplifying the service immensely.
PPP uses ISO 3309 HDLC as a basis for its framing [3].
At one time, it had been hoped that PPP HDLC frames and Frame Relay
would co-exist on the same links. Unfortunately, the Q.922 method
for expanding the address from 1 to 2 to 4 octets is not
indistinguishable from the ISO 3309 method, due to the structure of
its Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI) subfields.
When Frame Relay is configured as a point-to-point circuit, PPP can
use Frame Relay as a framing mechanism, ignoring its other features.
This is equivalent to the technique used to carry SNAP headers over
Frame Relay.
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2. The Data Link Layer
This specification uses the principles, terminology, and frame
structure of the "Multiprotocol Interconnect over Frame Relay" [4].
The purpose of this specification is not to document what is already
standardized in [4]. Instead, this document attempts to give a
concise summary and point out specific options and features used by
PPP.
2.1. Frame Format
The full Q.922 header is easily combined with the smaller HDLC
header. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Flag (0x7e) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Q.922 Address | Control | NLPID(0xcf) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| PPP Protocol |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
NLPID
This field contains a one octet Network Layer Protocol Identifier
(NLPID), which identifies the network layer protocol encapsulated
over the Frame Relay virtual circuit, in accordance with the
Subsequent Protocol Identifier (SPI) in ISO/IEC TR 9577 [5]. The
value used for PPP is <TBD> CF hex.
Protocol Field
The Protocol field is two octets and its value identifies the
protocol encapsulated in the Information field of the frame. The
field is transmitted and received most significant octet first.
2.2. Modification of the Basic Frame
The Link Control Protocol can negotiate modifications to the basic
frame structure. However, modified frames will always be clearly
distinguishable from standard frames.
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Address-and-Control-Field-Compression
Because the Address and Control field values are not constant, and
are modified as the frame is transported by the network switching
fabric, Address-and-Control-Field-Compression MUST NOT be
negotiated.
Protocol-Field-Compression
When Protocol-Field-Compression is negotiated, both the NLPID and
Protocol fields are compressed.
On transmission, when the Protocol field is compressed to a single
octet, the NLPID is omitted.
On reception, the NLPID field is examined. If it is not the PPP
NLPID value, then it is expected to be a valid PPP Protocol value.
The Protocol field value 0x00cf is not allowed (reserved) to avoid
ambiguity when Protocol-Field-Compression is enabled.
3. In-Band Frame Format Detection
For Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs), the NLPID and PPP Protocol
fields easily distinguish the PPP encapsulation.
Initial LCP packets contain the sequence cf-c0-21 following the
header. When a PPP LCP Configure-Request packet is received, the PPP
link enters Link Establishment phase.
When frames are detected which are not PPP encapsulation frames, they
MUST be handled according to [4]. However, once PPP has entered the
Link Establishment phase, such frames MUST NOT be sent, and on
receipt such frames MUST be silently discarded, until the PPP link
enters the Network-Layer Protocol phase.
For those network-layer protocols which have no PPP Protocol
assignment, or which have not yet been implemented under the PPP
encapsulation, another method of encapsulation defined under [4]
SHOULD be used.
When Protocol-Field-Compression is negotiated, others methods of
encapsulation defined under [4] MUST NOT be used.
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4. Out-of-Band signaling
There is no generally agreed method of out-of-band signalling. Until
such a method is universally available, an implementation MUST use
In-Band Frame Format Detection for both Permanent and Switched
Virtual Circuits.
5. Configuration Details
The accidental connection of a link to feed a Frame Relay multipoint
network SHOULD result in a misconfiguration indication.
The following Configurations Options are recommended:
Magic Number
Link Quality Monitoring
Protocol Field Compression
The standard LCP configuration defaults apply to Frame Relay links,
except MRU.
To ensure interoperability with existing Frame Relay implementations,
the default Maximum-Receive-Unit (MRU) is 1600 octets [4]. The basic
HDLC header is significantly shorter than the full-sized Frame Relay
header, which may give additional leeway in buffer management.
The typical network feeding the link is likely to have a MRU of
either 1500, or 2048 or greater. To avoid fragmentation, the
Maximum-Transmission-Unit (MTU) at the network layer SHOULD NOT
exceed 1500, unless a peer MRU of 2048 or greater is specifically
negotiated.
Some early Frame Relay networks are only capable of 262 octet frames.
In order to operate PPP over a Frame Relay link, the minimum PPP MRU
of 1500 MUST be supported.
To detect these inoperable links, the LCP Configure-Request packet
MUST be padded to the full 1500 octet length. The padding MUST be a
sequence of octets beginning with 1, and ending with the number of
octets of padding.
XID negotiation is not supported for PPP links.
There is no need for Inverse ARP over PPP links.
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Security Considerations
Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
References
[1] Simpson, W. A., "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", work in
progress.
[2] International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee,
CCITT Recommendation Q.922, "ISDN Data Link Layer Specification
for Frame Mode Bearer Services", April 1991.
[3] Simpson, W. A., "PPP HDLC Framing", work in progress.
[4] Bradley, T., Brown, C., and Malis, A., "Multiprotocol
Interconnect over Frame Relay", RFC 1294, January 1992.
[5] ISO/IEC TR 9577, "Information technology - Telecommunications
and Information exchange between systems - Protocol
Identification in the network layer", 1990 (E) 1990-10-15.
Acknowledgments
This design was inspired by the paper "Parameter Negotiation for the
Multiprotocol Interconnect", Keith Sklower and Clifford Frost,
University of California, Berkeley, 1992, unpublished.
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Chair's Address
The working group can be contacted via the current chair:
Fred Baker
Advanced Computer Communications
315 Bollay Drive
Santa Barbara, California, 93111
EMail: fbaker@acc.com
Author's Address
Questions about this memo can also be directed to:
William Allen Simpson
Daydreamer
Computer Systems Consulting Services
P O Box 6205
East Lansing, MI 48826-6205
EMail: Bill.Simpson@um.cc.umich.edu
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DRAFT PPP in Frame Relay July 1993
Table of Contents
1. Introduction .......................................... 1
2. The Data Link Layer ................................... 2
2.1 Frame Format .................................... 2
2.2 Modification of the Basic Frame ................. 2
3. In-Band Frame Format Detection ........................ 3
4. Out-of-Band signaling ................................. 4
5. Configuration Details ................................. 4
SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS ...................................... 5
REFERENCES ................................................... 5
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................. 5
CHAIR'S ADDRESS .............................................. 6
AUTHOR'S ADDRESS ............................................. 6